Fatiha Commentary - Mahmud Ustaosmanoğlu K.S
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Fatiha Commentary - It is a Meal from the Pen of Mahmud Ustaosmanoğlu
All the Praises are reserved for Allah, the Almighty, who said, "We have given you seven repeated verses and a great Qur'an." Fatiha Commentary - Mahmud Ustaosmanoğlu K.S
Endless peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) who said, "The Fatiha of his book is a cure-all except death", and his Ehl-i Bayt and his Al-i Companions who continue to recite Fatiha.
This published treatise was taken from our Master Hacı Mahmud Efendi's (Kuddise Sirruhu)'s unique commentary, Ruhu'l Furkan Tafsir, and presented to the readers.
Fatiha Commentary - Mahmud Ustaosmanoğlu K.S
Part of the Book...
It was revealed in Mecca. It is 7 verses.
Our Master Hacı Ali Haydar Efendi (Kuddise Sırruhu) about the attribution of the descent of the suras and verses to Mecca or Medina, in the margin of the Holy Qur'an, as "benefit" (it should be noted, it is of great benefit) that he wrote. Those who descended before the Hijra: Even if they landed outside of Mecca, they are called "Makki" (descended in Mecca). Those who descended after the Hijra: If they land outside of Medina, they have the name "Madeni" (descended in Medina).[1][1]
It is also said that the Fatiha was revealed in Medina. The Esah (the most correct) one is both Makki and Madani. It was revealed in Mecca when the prayer was obligatory, then it was revealed again in Medina when the qibla was turned towards the Kaaba.
In fact, according to a rumor, it is the first surah that was revealed to the sheriff in Mecca-i Mükarreme. As a matter of fact, it was narrated from Abu Meysere Amr Ibn-i Şurahbil (Radıyallahu Anh) that the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said to our mother, Hatice (Radıyallahu Anha):
"When I'm alone, I hear a voice. I swear I'm afraid that this is a dangerous job." he commanded. Thereupon, Hazrat Khadija (Radiyallahu Anha) said:
"I take refuge in Allah, Allah will not do anything bad to you. I swear by Al-lah that you certainly abide by the trust, talk about the womb (visiting relatives), and speak the truth." said.
Then, while the Prophet (PBUH) was away, Abu Bakri's-Siddik (Radıyallahu Anha) and Hatice (Radıyallahu Anha) came to our mother. Our mother Hatice told him about this news of our Master and said:
"Take Muhammad (PBUH) and take him to Waraka." said. When the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) came, Abu Bakr's-Siddik (Radıyallahu Anh) took him by the hand and said:
"Let's go to Waraka." said. Our Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam):
"Who told you this?" he commanded. Room:
"Hadice told me some things." said. So the two of them went to Waraka and explained the situation. Our Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam):
"When I am alone, I hear a voice behind me saying "Ya Muhammed! Ya Muhammed! he commanded. On top of that Waraka:
"Don't do that. When this voice comes to you, stand still so you can hear what's being said. Then come and let me know." said. When our Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) was alone again, that voice came to him again and said:
He said, "O Muhammad! After reading this far, he said."
"Good news to you again and again! For I bear witness that you are the one whom the son of Mary (Isa) gave good news, and you are certainly on the honor of Moses (Jibril-i Emin, who came to him, also came to you). You are a sent prophet." [2][2]
In another narration, Fatiha is the last surah to be revealed from the Qur'an. As a matter of fact, it was narrated that Abdullah Ibn-i Jabir (Radıyallahu Anh) said:
Our Prophet (peace be upon him) said to me:
"O Abdullah Ibn Jabir! he commanded. He is telling himself. I:
"Of course, O Messenger of Allah!" I said. Upon this:
"(The last sura descended from the Qur'an) is Alhamdu lillahi Rabbilalamin (duration)." commanded.[3][3]
In another narration, our Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
"In it (Surah Fatiha) there is a cure for every problem." [4][4]
This means that Fatiha is a very blessed surah that was revealed at the beginning of the Qur'an in Mecca and at the end of the Qur'an in Medina.
As mentioned in the commentaries of Şeyhzade and Alusi: With the alliance of the people (the decision of the majority of the ulema community to unite), Fatiha-i Şerife is seven verses. However, some of the people did not consider the sentence to be a stand-alone verse and counted the Basmala as the first verse, Imam-i Shafii (Rahimehullah) was of this opinion, and we followed the Basmala-i Sharif with the first sentence of the verse, following the line (writing) of the Qur'an we have. We accepted the second verse. We did not count the sentence as a separate verse. However, some of the ulema of the Republic had the opposite view (they left). Namely: They did not accept the Basmala as the first verse, but accepted the sentence as a separate verse and said that the Surah Fatiha has 7 verses. As a matter of fact, our Hanafi Companions (our elders Rahimehumullah) also hold this view.
As it is mentioned in the commentaries, many names have been given to Fatiha-i Şerife. Let's mention some of them here, by the way:
Fatiha-i Şerife is called "Ummul-Quran". For, according to the narration from Ubade Ibn-i Samit (Radıyallahu Anh), our Prophet (Peace be upon him):
"One who does not recite Umm al-Qur'an (Fatiha, which is the mother of the Qur'an) has no prayer." [5][5]
In addition, Fatiha-i Şerife has taken this name because it includes all the meanings in the Qur'an. For this reason, he was also given the names "Al-Vâfiye" and "Al-Kâfiye" (literally abundant and sufficient).
Fatiha-ı Şerife is also called "Sure-i Kenz" (Surah Treasure). Because: In a hadith narrated from Hazrat Ali (Radıyallahu Anh), our Prophet (peace be upon him) said: It has been sent down from a treasure below." [6][6]
Fatiha-i Şerife was also given the names "Suretü'ş-Şifa" (Sure healing) and "Şâfiye" (healing). As a matter of fact, it was narrated that Abu Saidi'l-Khudri (Radıyallahu Anh) stated:
We landed and asked them to host us. They refused to host. Then their masters (chiefs) were bitten. So the scorpion stung him, he came to us immediately: "Is there anyone among you who can read and heal the scorpion sting?" they said. I said: "Yes, I am, but I will not do this job without buying thirty sheep." I said. They said: "We will give you thirty sheep." they said. I recited the Fatiha to him seven times, and he recovered immediately. We bought the sheep, but a doubt came to us, so we came to our Prophet (PBUH) without touching the sheep and told him exactly the incident. Thereupon, he said: "How did you know that it was such an effective prayer? Divide those sheep and set aside a share for me with you." [7][7]
Thus, our Prophet (PBUH) made a joke to tell them that the sheep bought were halal.
It is narrated that Abu Sulaiman (Radıyallahu Anh) said: The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) met a man with epilepsy during a battle, and as soon as one of them read the Fatiha in his ear, the man recovered immediately. Thereupon, the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) said, "Fatiha is a cure-all."[8][8]
[1][1] See also. Zerkeshi, al-Burhan: ll87.
[2][2] Suheyl, er-Ravdu't-unf: 1/274, Kastalanî, Mevahib: 1/221
[3][3] Al-Muttaki, Kenzu'l-Ummal:1/559 N0:2515, al-Haysemi, M. Zevaid: 6/310.
[4][4] Al-Muttaki, Kenzu'l-Ummal:1/559 N0:2516.
[5][5] Muslim, Salat: 36,40, Tirmidhi, Tafsir: 2.
[6][6] Al-Mutteki, al-Hindi, Kenzul-Ummal:1/557 No:25Ol.
[7][7] İbn-i Mace,Ticaret:7, Buhari, İcare:16, Fezail'l-Quran:9, Tib:39, Muslim, Selam:66, Ebu Davud, Buyu':38, Tibl9, Tirmidhi , Medicine: 20.
[8][8] Al-Muttekin, Kenzu 'l-Ummal:1/557 No:2500.
