Contributing Translator Abdülkadir Şener, Hasan Karakaya, Kerim Aytekin Salat and greetings to our Prophet Muhammed (s.a.v.), Who was sent as mercy to the worlds. In addition, the salat and greetings of his Companions, who are the leaders of guidance, who show the right way with their life and who are followed in their footsteps. He was the Companions of Hz. The Prophet (pbuh) said the following about them: "My companions are like the stars. You will find the right path if you follow any of them." I received many requests to write a book on Islamic sects. A book that makes some difficult to understand issues easily understood, enlightens some issues, that the cultured section will not have difficulty in understanding and reveals the intellectual importance of Islamic sects ... Islamic sects are divided into some genres with different orientations. These species can be grouped roughly into three groups. Itikadi sects are political sects and fiqh sects.
Specifications
Size: 17.00x24.00
Number of Pages: 783
Date of Publication: 2011
Translated by Kerim Aytekin
Cover Type: Hardcover
Paper Type: 2nd Pulp
Language: Turkish
Format: Book
PREFACE
Aziz Reader,
We are pleased to present to you this valuable book that explains the scientific geniuses and sects of our great sect Imams, whose knowledge, belief, courage and bravery, whose knowledge, belief, courage and courage are not diminished in the languages and hearts, are the best understanding and explaining our exalted religion after the blessings of Allah Almighty the Prophet and his distinguished Companions.
In this work; It was explained how these great people, with their vast knowledge of judgments, examined the orders of Allah and his Messenger to the finest detail, discovered the vast corners of the Shari'ah sea and offered them to the service of humanity.
It has been explained what difficulties they faced during their work, that they were brutalized or even tortured, but they never gave up and never made concessions to their opponents.
Thus, one of the great study books of our age has emerged, enabling all Muslims to learn more easily about the lives of these great religious Imams.
The great master who wrote this work, which we have presented in the translation in this century, is Muhammed Ebu Zehra. We have learned with great sorrow that this precious person, one of the great professors of Islamic Law of our age who devoted his life to Islamic sciences, left us forever in 1974, we wish him mercy from Allah.
Honorable Haşan Karakaya and Kerim Aytekin have translated the first part of the work. The translation of the second part of the work was done by Dr. Abdülkadir Şener did it. We would like to thank the translators who carefully reviewed it during its preparation.
Praise be to Allah, who made it anticipated to present such a work to our reader; We ask him to perpetuate such blessings and grants.
Tevfik is from Allah ...
HİSAR PUBLISHING
PREFACE
HISTORY OF POLITICAL AND CIVIL SITES IN ISLAM
Praise is to Allah almighty. We praise him and ask him for help. We seek forgiveness of our sins, we repent to Him, we take refuge in Him from the evil of our souls and the evil of what we do. Whom Allah guides to the right path, there is no one who can lead him astray. And whoever turns him astray, no one can guide him to the right path.
and Acirc; Hz. Peace be upon Muhammad (S.A.V.), who are the leaders of guidance, who will find the right way if they are obeyed, his bright companions.
That Companions, the Prophet (S.A.V.), said: "My Companions are like the stars. You will find the right path if you follow any of them."
The general cultural center of the Ministry of National Education has planned to open the doors to science education, to remove the obstacles in this regard, and to provide facilities for cultured people. Thus, let the intellectuals reap the fruits of every science, and make use of the rational data written in a style that will not overwhelm the public and satisfy the taste of the intellectuals. For this purpose, the Culture Center, which is mentioned, envisaged to publish about a thousand books in the fields of philosophy, history, technical and religious sciences and published many of the works it has programmed to publish in the effort of accomplishing this great work perfectly with the help of Allah (C.C.).
This successful center asked me to write a book on Islamic sects by facilitating a number of difficult issues and writing them in a way that everyone can understand. This easy work to be produced should be such a work that no one would find it strange, it should be clear, that all cultured people would not have difficulty in understanding the issues it contained, and could easily grasp the thought stages of Islamic sects.
Islamic sects are divided into various sections according to the issues they examine.
1) Itikadî sects:
They did not disagree about the basic issues of belief (such as whether the servant did his work by force or voluntarily), disagreeing on the individual issues that the theologians disagreed with. For example: All sects have agreed on the issue of the unity of Allah, which constitutes the essence of the Islamic belief.
2) Political sects:
They disagreed on the election of the Caliph and similar issues. Later we will describe these sects and the method each followed.
3) Fiqh sects:
Canon law; It regulates the relations of people with each other, the matters of worship between the servant and Allah, which are declared in the Quran and the Sunnah.
Studying these topics in detail requires the writing of great works. For this reason, we will try to explain the issues briefly and concisely, while facilitating them. However, although we tried to explain the issues briefly, it was not possible to gather all the topics in one book. For this reason, we will mention only the political and religious sects in this book. We deemed it appropriate to leave the fiqh sects to another book.
I hope we will be able to present that episode to the readers soon. Success is from God. It is He who guides to the right way. As always, we wish him to grant us success in this business. How beautiful Mawla and what a good helper he is.
Mohammed EBU ZEHRA
FIRST SKIN INDICATOR
Preface 7
INTRODUCTION 9
4) THE CHANGE OF PEOPLE'S MIND 9
24) The fact that the issues in dispute are actually not open and closed 9
25) Different desires, whims and temperaments 10
26) Diversity of the branches 10
27) Imitation of the ancients 11
28) Different understanding and perception powers 11
29) The war for leadership and the desire to dominate others 12
5) REASONS FOR MUSLIMS 'DISPUTE 13
1) Arab racism 14
2) Caliphate disputes 15
3) Muslims being neighbors with many of the former religion. 16
4) To attempt to examine many closed issues 17
5) Various stories 17
6) The presence of miiteşabih verses whose meaning cannot be understood absolutely in the Quran 18
7) Making religious decrees from texts 19
6) THE FIELD OF THE DISPUTE BETWEEN MUSLIMS 19
a) Conflict in the exercise area 19
b) The controversy in science and theory 21
1) In the field of thought 21
2) On the battlefield 21
POLITICAL SACRIFICE 23
* The issues that political sects dispute 25
* The stages of the dispute over the caliphate issue 26
Political sects in Islam are religious sects 35
CHILE 36
A) Brief explanation 36
7) The place and time of birth of Shiism 38
8) The influence of ancient philosophy on the Shia sect 40
9) Sects of the Shia sect 41
30) Selbiyye 41
31) Gourabiye 43
FRANCES OTHER THAN CHILICIS 44
32) Keysaniye 44
33) Zaydiyya 47
Some of Zaydiyya's views 49
34) Imamiyya 52
8) İsnaaşeriyye 54
The position of the caliph according to Imamiyya 54
9) Ismailiyya 59
35) Judge 62
36) Series 62
37) Nusayriyye 62
EXCLUSION 64
* Common principles of external parties 69
* Disputes between foreigners 72
* Discussions by foreigners 74
External parties 78
c) Foreigners deemed to be Muslim 79
d) Foreigners who are not considered Muslim 85
The view of the Ahlis Sunnah sect on the caliphate 86
3) Being from the Quraysh tribe 87
4) Being allegiance 89
5) Being selected through consultation 91
6) Being fair 97
* The status of the caliph who went beyond the conditions of the caliphate 101
SECTIONS OF THE CREATION 107
Intro 107
1- The matter of fate 108
2- The state of the great sinner 112
3- Thoughts assuming a philosophical nature 113
1- JIBRIA 114
2- KADERİYY E 124
3- MÜRCİ E 134
4- MUTEZILE 139
A- The nature of the Mutazila sect 141
10) Unity 142
11) Justice 143
12) Vad and vaid 144
13) International range of the brain 144
14) Amr-i bilma'ruf and nehy-i anil münker 145
B- Evidence system of Mutazila sect on religious issues 145
C- Some views of Mutazila Greek philosophy and
other philosophies 147
D- Mu'tazilites' defense of Islam 148
E- Abbasids helping Mutazila 149
F- According to his contemporaries Mutezile 150
G- The criticism of the Mutazila by fiqh and hadith scholars 154
H- Debates of Mutazila 155
38) Relationships discussed by Mutazila 158
39) The quarrels of the Mutazila with fiqh and hadith scholars 167
WIFE 'and Acirc; RİLİK 179
Ash'ari sect after Imam Ashari 191
The dispute between his wife and Jibbani 194
MATURITY 195
Maturidi's method and views 198
SELEFİYYÛN (Selcfciler) 210
* Revelation 213
^ The three aspects of revelation 214
10) The uniqueness of the personality and attributes of Allah 214
e) Salafists and Constables 215
f) Converting texts or leaving them as they are 221
g) Whether the Quran is a creation or not 223
11) Religion and Genesis 224
7) Algebra and old man 224
8) Reasons for verbs 227
Evaluation of Ibn Taymiyya's views 232
NEW SIGHTS 235
VAHHABÎLİK 236
Evaluation of Wahhabism 238
BAHAÎLİK 239
Evaluation of Bahaism 245
KADYANNESS 247
SECRETARY OF THE SECOND SKIN
Preface 263
Intro 265
Ijtihad in the Time of the Prophet 267
Ijtihad in the Age of the Companions 270
Sources of Fiqh in the Age of the Companions 278
Ijtihad Methods of the Companions 279
Ijtihad in the Age of Nature 283
Icma 'and the Evidence of Companions' Words 288
Ijtihad in the Period of the Mıictehid Imams 291
Fiqh in Shia and Kharijids 299
Political Societies 299
Excipients 303
Groups with Fiqh Sects 304
İtikadi Firkalar 304
Disputes Between Sects and Its Causes 306
The Axis of the Dispute 307
Disputes Around the Book (Quran) 307
Disagreements on the Sunnah (Hadith) 309
Disputes on Re 311
Disputes on Icma 314
Ijma of the people of Medina 318
Fatwa and Words of the Companions 320
Fatwa and Words of the Naturals 323
Effects of Inter-sectarian Conflict 323
Purposes of Islamic Provisions 326
Benefits Observed by Islam 329
Degrees of Interest 332
Degrees of Cost in Bids 335
Removal of Difficulty 338
No Offer Above Human Power 339
İjtihad 341
Terms of Full Ijtihad and Jurisprudence 342
Degrees of ijtihad and Levels of Mujtahids 350
Those Who Mighty in Sharia 350
Miintesib Mujtehidler 354
Those Who Mighty in Sect 355
Preferred Mujtahidler '. 355
The Owner of the Istidl, Mujtehidler 356
Memory Layer 356
Mukallid Layer 357
Dividing Case Law 358
Iffa (Fatwa) and Conditions Required for Muftis 359
İMAM ZEYD AND HIS MAHHEBI
Imam Zayd 365
The Birth and Youth of Imam Zayd 367
Imam Zayd in the Field of Struggle 369
Hisham b. The Revolt Against Abdıılmelik 372
Imam Zayd's Entry to War and His Martyrdom 373
After War 374
Personality and Character of Imam Zayd .... 376
Views of Imam Zayd 380
Views on Politics 381
Views on Usûlu'd-Din 384
The Fiqh of Imam Zayd 387
Work titled El-Mecmu '387
How Was El-Mecmu Written? 390
General View of Fiqh and Hadith of Iman Zayd 391
The Duty of the Mind According to Faith Zayd 394
The Status of Zaydiyya Fiqh after Imam Zayd 394
İMAM CA'FER AND SAHEBI
Imam Ja'far-i Sadiq 399
Birth and Youth 401
His Opinion on Cosmonautics 404
Cefr Province 406
The Science of Imam Jafar 410
Imam Jafar and Politics 412
Imam Jafar's Personality and Character 420
Violation 420
Clairvoyance and Science 422
His Generosity 422
Hilim and Forbearance 423
Patience and Sukru 424
Valor, 424
Firaset 425
Bag 426
Views of Imam Jafar 426
Opinion of Unity 427
Vision of Destiny 428
Views on the Quran 429
Fiqh of Imam Jafar 431
İMAM EBU HANİFE AND SAHAHEBİ
Imam Abu Hanifa 433
Born and Youth 434
435 Towards the End
True to Fiqh 436
437 in the Field of Science and Fiqh
Attachment to a Great Scholar 439
Master Abu Hanifa 440
Method of Abu Hanifa 442
Philosopher Abu Hanife 443
Personality and Character of Abu Hanife 445
Life and Political Attitude 450
Life 451
Political Attitude 453
Fiqh of Imam Abu Hanifa 461
Method 462
Obvious Qualification of Fiqh 464
Transfer and Provision of the Hanafi Sect 470
The Development and Spread of the Hanafi Sect 473
Countries Where Hanafi Sect Spread 473
İMAM MALİK AND SAHEBİ
Imam Malik 477
Ancestry, Birth and Youth 477
Science Education 479
His Effort in Science 480
Sciences 481
Teachers 483
Law of Re’y 486 in Medina
Imam Malik's Beginning of Teaching 488
Method of Teaching 489
Imam Malik's Personality and Character 492
Memory and Intelligence 492
Patience and Endurance 493
493
Imam Malik and Kadis 495
Firaset 496
Bag 496
Imam Malik's Life and Livelihoods 498
Relationship with the Rulers 501
Mihneti 502
Death of 505
Feedback 506
The Question of Faith 507
A Matter of Destiny 507
The Kebire Issue 508
The Question of Whether the Quran was Created or Not 508
The Question of Whether Allah is Seen or Not on Judgment Day 508
Politics and the Issue of Caliphate 509
Fiqh and Hadith of Imam Malik 511
Book 512
Circumcision 513
Ameli of the people of Medina 515
Fatwa of Companions 516
Comparison, İstihsan and Masâlih-i Müısele 516
Great Wall-Zerâyi '517
Artifacts, 518
519 of his work titled El-Muvatta '
The Development and Spread of the Maliki Sect 520
Places Where Maliki Sect Spread 522
Imam Shafi and His Tomb
Imam Shafii 525
Birth and Prose 525
Early life and upbringing 527
Under the Auspices of Imam Malik 529
Assignment 530
Mihneti 531
Shafi'i's Return to Knowledge 533
Coming to Beytu'l-Harâm 535
Coming Again in Baghdad 536
A Short Stay in Baghdad 537
538 in Shafii Egypt
The Science of Shafi'i 540
The Orientation and Age of Science 541
Personality and Character of Shafii 543
Understanding and Memory Power 543
The Power of Expression 543
Clairvoyance and Possibility 544
544
Shafi'i Views 546
Opinion on Khilafah 547
Shafi'i Fiqh 549
Sources of Shafi'i Fiqh 550
The Book and the Sunnah 550
İcmâ '555
Sayings of the Companions 557
Comparison 559
Shafi's Intelligence Abolition 563
Shafi'i's Usûl-i Fiqh Studies 564
Shafi'i Sect 566
Tahriç 569 in the Shafi'i Sect
Mtictehidler 569 in the Shafii Sect
The Spread of the Shafii Sect 571
İMAM AHMED B. HANBEL AND THE HAZARD
Imam Ahnıed b. Flanbel 573
Birth and Youth 573
Collection 575
His Travels for Hadith Collection 576
The Grave with Ink Pot and Pencil 577
True to Fiqh 578
Ahmed b. Did Hanbel know Persian? 580
Ahmed b. Hanbal's Beginning of Narrating Hadith and Giving Fatwa 580
Mihneti, Mihnetinin Reasons and Circuits 585
Ahmad b. About Whether the Quran Was Created Or Not Hanbal and
Others' Views 590
Ahmed b. The Life of Hanbal 595
Caliphs' Refusal to Take Their Benefits and Duty 597
Personality and Character 602
Memory 602
Patience and Endurance 603
Courtesy 605
606
Brace i 607
Good Manners 608
Ahmed b. Hanbal's Views 608
View of Faith 608
Views on the Great Sins 609
Views on Fate and Human Acts 610
View of God on His Attributes 611
Views on Politics 612
Ahmed b. Hanbal's Hadith and Fiqh 614
El-Miisned 615
Ahmed b. Hanbal's Method of Al-Miisned in the Narrated 617
Is There A Hadith of Zaif in Al-Musnad? 618
Ahmed b. The Fiqh of Hanbal 620
Icma 623
Comparison 624
Masâlih 626
Intelligent 627
Zeryi 628
Istishab 630
The Development and Spread of the Hanbali Sect 630
Narration of the Sect 630
Kaviller in the Sect 632
Development of the Sect 633
Spread of the Sect 635
DAVUD EZ-ZAHIRI AND SAHEBI
External Sect 637
David al-Zahiri 638
The Spread of His Sect 642
Zahirî Sect in Andalusia 643
İBNİ HAZM AND THE ZAHİRİ SAYHEB
Ibni Hazm 645
Birth and Youth 646
From Prosperity to Boredom 647
Towards the Greatness of Science 648
Temporary Entry to Politics 650
Returning to the Mihrab of Knowledge 651
Returning to Politics 651
652 years of age
Travels 653
Burning of His Books 654
Return to His Farm in Leble 656
Personality and Character 657
Art and Literary Taste 662
Science of Ibn Hazm 663
Scientific Method 665
Mental Method 665
Spiritual and Moral Studies 667
Tavku'l - Hamama'si 669
Methods and Views of the Naklî Sciences 671
Views of the Covenant 671
Views on Revelation 672
Views About Words Expressing Achievements 673
Views on the Force and the Elderly 674
Political Views 674
Opinions About Those Who Process Kebab 677
Fiqh of Ibn Khasii 677
Ibtal of Jurisprudence Based on Re 678
Shari'a Evidences According to Ibni Hazm 680
Book 680
Circumcision 681
Parts of the Sunnah in terms of Narration 682
İcmâ 686
Evidence 688
NassTarm Assay 688
Istishab 690
Conclusion 691
The Spread of the Zahirî Sect 691
The State of the Zahiri Sect after Ibn Hazm 693
İBNİ TEYMİYYE AND ITS VIEWS
Ibn Taymiyya 696
Born 697
Early life and upbringing 698
The First Environment Where It Grow Up 700
The Legacy and Views of Ibn Taymiyya 705
First Mihneti 707
Donation to Dessert 709
Second Mihneti 711
Return to Damascus 715
Third Mihneti 719
The Last Mihneti 720
Personality and Character 726
Memory 726
Contemplation 727
Ready Response 727
Freedom of Thought 727
Violation 728
Fesahati 728
Confident, Patience and Endurance 729
From the Mihrab of Science to the Field of War and Politics 729
The Age of Ibni Taymiyya 733
Political Situation 734
Social Situation 737
Scientific and Intellectual Situation 738
Scientific Studies 739
Sufis and Sufism 741
and Acirc; Position of limes 743
The Works of Ibn Taymiyya and Its Effect 746
Students 749
Ibn Taymiyya and Wahhabism 750
Bibliography 753
Glossary 756
Index of First Volume 773
Index of Second Volume 776
