Fiqh Method - Prof.Dr. Fahrettin Atar
Product features :
Publisher: IFAV
Author: Prof.Dr. Fahrettin Atar
Cover Quality: Soft Cover
Page Quality: Imported Paper
Number of Pages: 504
Size: 16 X 23.5 cm
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Barcode: 9789755481746
PREFACE
All of the ancient nations had their own laws and laws and these were made permissible. However, a work that mentioned the science of law as abstract and theoretical was not created. His first work on this subject was published by the name of Imam Shafii (d. 204/820) ar-Risala. This activity constitutes one of the biggest products of Muslims working on the science of r.ukuk. This science, which Muslims call usûl al-fiqh (roots and sources of law), talks about the philosophy of law, the sources (proofs) of its decrees, the principles of tahri ’, and the interpretation and application of the nass.
Islamic jurists have created hundreds of works in this field using various methods. Although some of these have been printed, some are still in the libraries as manuscripts. It will be useful to prepare them for publication and present them to the benefit of science. In the field of fiqh method, some studies have been done both in other Islamic countries (Arab world) and in our country in our time, and some of the new publications written in Arabic have been translated into Turkish with the names of "Islamic Law Philosophy", "Islamic Law Methodology", "Islamic Legal Method", "Fiqh Usul". We see that it has been. We hope that this book will make a small contribution to this science.
Currently, Islamic Law Procedure is included in the curriculum of the Theology Faculties. We have prepared this book in order to enable students to easily follow the topics of this lesson in the program.
Our book has an introduction and eight chapters. In the introduction, information was given about the description, subject, purpose, history and works of fiqh method. In the first part, the original and physical evidence has been examined. In the second part, judge, judgment and convict fîh are discussed. In the third, fifth and fifth chapters, "ways of judgment from the .asses are examined, issues related to words are included, ta'âruzu'l-edille and mekâsidü'ş-sharîa are explained. In the seventh chapter, the history of fiqh, and in the eighth chapter, fiqh sects are examined.
We prepared the work by following the scientific study methods. We have shown the sources we make use of when necessary in footnotes. We have not applied transcription signs so that the reader can easily follow the work. However, we found it useful to give some terms and explanations in Arabic letters with some verses and hadiths.
I would like to thank those who contributed to the publication of this book and ask Allah Almighty for making this work useful.
Istanbul 1988
Dr. Fahrettin ATAR
CONTENTS
FOREWORD 17
LOGIN
FIKIH PROCEDURE AND ITS HISTORY
I-FIKIH PROCEDURE CONCEPT 21
A-Fiqh Usûlü Science, Usl and Terms of Fiqh 21
B-The Description of Fiqh Uslü 23
C- The Subject of Fiqh Method 24
D-Purpose and Benefits of Fiqh Method 25
The Differences Between the E-Fiqh Method and the Laws of Fiqh and Fiqh 26
II-HISTORY OF FIKIH USÛLÜ 30
A-Hz. The Usl of Fiqh in the Time of the Prophet 30
B-Fiqh Usûl in the Time of the Companions 31
C-Fiqh Usûl in the Time of Tâbi 32n 32
D-Fiqh Usûl in the Time of Mujtahid Imams 32
III-FIKIH METHODS OF PROFESSIONS, FEATURES and PROCEDURAL WORKS 33
A-Fiqh Usl Professions and Their Features 33
B- Works of Fiqh Method 34
CHAPTER ONE EVIDENCE OF SHARHI
INTRODUCTION: THE CONCEPT OF EVIDENCE OF EVIDENCE 45
I-IN GENERAL SHARES EVIDENCES 45
II-CONCEPT OF EVIDENCE 45
A-Description of the Evidence 45
B- Types of Evidence 46
C- Order and Order of Evidence 48
FIRST CHAPTER ACTUAL EVIDENCES
I-KİTÂB (KUR'S) 49
A- Description of the Book 49
B- Features of the Book 50
C- The Qur'an Being Sojjat 53
D- Style of Explanation of the Provisions of the Quran 54
E- Declaration of the Rules of the Quran (Explanation) 54
F- The Significance of the Quran to Judgments 56
G- Faithful, Moral and Practical Provisions in the Quran 57
II-CIRCUMCISION 59
A- Description of the Sunnah 59
B- The Circumcision as the Source of Tesri 59
C- Place of Sunnah in Tesri 62
D- The Nevis of the Sunnah by Nature 63
1-Kavlî Sunnah 63
2-Verbal Sunnah 64
3- Takriri Sunnah 65
E- The Nawis of the Sunnah as of the Act 66
1-Musnad (Muttasil) Hadiths 66
2-Münkatı '/ Mursel Hadiths 68
F- Conditions Required by Râwî 69
G- Conditions of Madhhab and Ahâd Hadith and Amel 70
1-The Acceptance Conditions of Hanafis' Hâber-i Vahidi 70
2- Conditions of Acceptance of Haber-i Vahidi of Malikis 73
3-The Conditions of Amel with Haber-i Vâhid of Shafiis 74
4-The Conditions of Amel by the Haber-i Vâhidle of the Hanbalis 75
H-Sunnah's Proof of Judgments 75
İ- Hz. The Savings of the Prophet 76
III- İCMÂ 78
A- Description and Importance of the Judgment 78
B- Conditions for the Occurrence of Judgment 79
C- Immunity Formation of Celestial 81
D- Types of Impression by Its Formation 83
1-Sarih (Kavlî / Amelî) İcmâ 83
2-Silence Improvement 83
3-Ink Rejection and the Creation of Third View 83
E- The Levels of Persuasion, Refusal and Denial and Neshi 84
F- Basis of Enforcement (Act) 85
G- The Possibility of Persuasion and the De facto Invention of Vukû 86
H- The Impossibility of the Consequence of the ijm 87
The Possibility of Persuasion 87
IV-KIYAS 89
A- Description and Nature of the Comparison 89
B- The Relationship Between Comparison and Ijtihâd 91
1-Tahkîku'l-menât 91
2-Tenkîhu'l-menât 92
3-Tahricu'l-menât 93
C- Comparison is the Formation of Celestial 93
1-Evidence of those who accept 94
2-Evidence of Those Who Do Not Accept Comparison of Evil as a Evil 95
D-The Subject and Field of Comparison 96
E- Rukes of Comparison 97
F- Conditions of the Rukes of Comparison 97
1-Conditions Relating to the Verdict of the Original 97
2-Terms Related to Fer 98
3-Conditions Regarding the Message 99
G- Message 99
1-Illet's Recipe 99
2-Relationship Between Illet and Wisdom 99
3-Conditions of Illet 101
4- The Relationship Between Illet and Judgment 103
5- The Nevias of the Illetes 104
6-Ways to Find the Message 104
H- The Rule and Parts of the Comparison 107
1-The Judgment of the Comparison 107
2-Parts of the Comparison 107
CHAPTER TWO
EVIDENCE OF FER
I-İSTİHSÂN 109
A- Recipe 109
1-Narrow Employment 109
2-Broad Employment 110
B- Types and Basis of Employment 110
1- Employment Due to Nass 111
2- Employment due to Icma 111
3- Employment Due to Hardship 112
4-Hafi Comparison 112
5-Employment due to Custom 113
6-Employment by Expense 114
C- The Formation of Intelligence as Solitary 115
II-İSTİSHÂB 116
A- Description, Nature and Formation of Cell 116
B- Bases Based on the Evidence of Istishâb 118
C- Tahkîmu'l-Hal 118
III-MESÂLİH-İ MÜRSELE OR İSTISLÂH 119
A- Description and Types of Charge 119
1-Zarûri, Hâcî and Tahsînî Charges 119
2-Muteber, Mardûd and Mürsel Expenses 119
B- Mesâlih-i Mürsele and Istıslâh 122
C- The Formation of Mürsel Maslahat as Sojcet 122
D- The Conditions of Those Who Accepted Suffrage Under Strict Conditions 123
E- Those Who Accept Mesâlih-i Mürsele as Ascension and Their Opinions 124
F- Those Who Do Not Accept Mesâlih-i Mürsel and Their Opinions 125
G- Some Jurisprudence Based on the Principle of Charge 125
IV-ÖRF, Tradition and Order 127
A-Recipe of the Custom 127
B- Types of Customs 127
C- The Occurrence of the Customs 129
D- Conditions for the Acceptance of Custom 130
E-Örf and Nassın Te‘âruzu 131
F- Taking the Customer's Reputation in the Application of Provisions 131
G- Changing the Provisions Based on Custom 132
V-SAHÂBÎ CAVE 133
VI-SARI-MEN KABLEN (Shariati of Those Before Us) 135
A- Religion and Sharia 135
B-Shari'a Men Kablenâ 136
1-Annulled Provisions 137
2-Unresolved Provisions 137
3-Terminated Provisions Not Indicating 137
VII-ZER'Yİ '139
A- The Meaning and Nature of Zerâyi 139
B-The Importance of the Sedd-i Zerâyi 140
C-el-Hiyel wa'l-Mehâric 141
SECOND PART
JURISDICTIONS
CHAPTER ONE
JUDGE
I-HÂKİM 145
II-HÜSÜN AND KUBUH (Good-Evil) 147
A- The Manas of Husun and Kubuh 147
B- Views of the Sects about Husun and Kubuh 148
1-The Issue of Wise and Sharif of Husün and Kubuh 148
2-Keeping People Responsible in the Hereafter 150
3-Can reason be a source of judgment? 152
CHAPTER TWO
PROVISION AND TYPES
I-DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE PROVISION 155
II-TYPES OF THE PROVISION 159
III-PROPOSAL PROVISION 160
A- Proposal Nature of the Award 160
B- Sections of the Proposal Provision 160
IV-FIVE UHREVI PROVISION 164
A- Wajib / Fard 164
1-The Description of Wajib and Its Relationship with Fard 164
2-Words and Conventions Showing that a Verb Exists 165
3-Wajib in terms of performance 166
4-The Departure of the Body in Terms of the Time of Payment 167
5-The Taksi of Vâjib in terms of Matlûbu 169
6-The Amount of Vajib's Taksim 169
7- Whether the Taxpayer is Determined or Not 169
B- Mendub (Sunnah - Mustahab) 170
1-Mendûb's Description, Degrees and Importance 170
2-Words and Conventions Expressing Mendp 171
C- Haram 172
1-Haram's Recipe 172
2-Types of Haram 172
3-Words and Conventions Expressing Haramness 173
D-Makruh 174
1-Recipe and Varieties 174
2-Words and Conventions Expressing Makruh 174
E-Mubah 175
1-Recipe, Nature and Types 175
2-Words and Conventions Expressing Jubah 175
V-AZİMET and LICENSE 177
A- Azimet 177
B- License 177
VI-VAZ PROVISIONS 180
A- Description of the Judgment and Parts of the Judgment 180
B- Basic Provisions 181
1-Illet 181
2-Reason 182
3-Condition 184
4- Alâmet 186
5-Rukun 187
6-Mâni1 187
CHAPTER THREE
AL-MAHKÛMU ALEYH (MÜKELLEF)
I-COLLABORATORS and CONDITIONS OF OBLIGATION 189
II-LICENSE 191
A-Driving License Description 191
B-Types of Driving License 191
1-Body's license 191
2-Edâ License 192
III-LICENSE FAULTS 194
A- Heavenly Driver's License Failed 194
1- Childhood 194
2-Cünûn (Mental Illness) 196
3-Ateh (mental weakness) 197
4-Sleep and Fainting 198
5- Don't Forget 198
6-Hayız and Nifas State 198
7-Death Disease 198
8-Death 199
9-Slavery 199
B- Acquisition License Failed 200
1-Not knowing 200
2-Drunkenness 200
3 - Kidding 202
4-Credit 203
5-Error 205
6-Sefeh 206
7-Journey 207
CHAPTER FOUR
al-MÂHKÛMU FÎH (Taxpayer's Acts)
I- TERMS OF OFFERING AND CONTRACTING 209
II-KUDRET-MESAKKAT AND ITS OFFER MÂLÂYUTÂK 210
A- Power and Compassion 210
B- Proposal Mâla Yutak 211
C- Allah and Servants' Rights 213
THIRD PART
LAFZI USÛL PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION: REGULATIONS 217
I-NASSs AND ITS PRINCIPLES 217
II-LANGUAGE PROCEDURES 219
CHAPTER ONE
LAFIZS IN THE SURROUNDING DIRECTION
I- HASS LAFIZ and TYPES 221
A- Speaking Hass 221
B- Absolute 223
C- Mukayyed 224
D-Emir 228
E- Nehiy 235
II-ÂMM and TAHSİS 238
A- Âmm 238
B- Allocation 249
III- JOINT, CLIENT and eI-CEM‘Ü'L-MÜNEKKER 254
A- Joint 254
B- Müevvel 257
C- al-Jamu'l-Münekker 258
CHAPTER TWO
OPEN AND CLOSED LAPHIZES
I-MENTIONAL LAPHIZES 261
A- Zahir 261
B- Nass 262
C- Müfesser 263
D- Muhkem 264
II-CLOSED LAPHIZES 265
A- Hafi 265
B-Muskil 266
C- Mucmel 267
D- Entertainer 267
CHAPTER THREE
THE LAFIZS, WHICH VARIES DEPENDING ON THE PLACE AND CONDITION
I-TRUTH and MECAZ 269
A- Truth 269
B- Mejaz 271
II-SARİH and KİNÂYE 276
A- Yellow 276
B- Allusion 277
CHAPTER FOUR
LAFIZS IN THE DIRECTION OF THE INSIGHTS
I-LAFZIN DELIVERY TO MANY 279
A- Nassin Pole 280
B- Nassin Sign 280
C- Delegation of Nassin 281
D- The Economy of Nassin 282
II-MEFHÛMU'L-MUHÂLİF 284
A- The Scope of Mefhûm 284
B- Nawis of Mefhûmu'l-Muhâlifin 285
C- Mefhûmu'l-Muhâlif's Asceticism 289
III-FÂSİD ILLUSTRATIONS 294
CHAPTER FIVE
BRAIN AND EDITS
I-BEYÂN 297
A- Description of the Bey 297
B- The Nevis of Beyan 297
II-EDITS (HURÛFU'L-MEÂNİ) 304
CHAPTER FOUR
TERUZU'L-ACTION AND SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER ONE
TE'ÂRUZU'L-EDİLLE
I-THE MEANING AND THE NATURE OF TERUZ 309
II-TE ARUZ AND WHETHER THERE IS BOSS 310
III-REQUIREMENT AND CONDITIONS OF THE TE ÂRUZ 313
A- The Pillar of Disbelief: Equality to Force 313
B- Conditions of Confidence 313
IV- EVIDENCE BETWEEN THE EVIDENCE 315
CHAPTER TWO
WAYS TO REMOVE DIRECTION
I-NESİH 318
II-CHOICE 328
III-CEM 'AND TEVFÎK 333
IV-LEAVE (DETERMINED) 338
FIFTH SECTION
HİKMETÜ'T-TEŞR' and MAKİSIDÜ'-ŞERÎA
CHAPTER ONE
HİKMETÜ'T-TEŞRÎ ‘
I-HİKMET - İLLET-İ CONCEPTS OF GARMENT 343
II-VERSION OF USERS and HIKMET 345
III-ALLAH'S ACTIVITIES AND HISTORY 345
IV-PROVISIONS OF SHAR and HIKMET 347
CHAPTER TWO
AIMS AND PURPOSES OF ISLAM
(MAKÂSIDÜ'Ş-ŞÂRİ ')
I-SHIRI'S OBJECTIVE AND PURPOSE 349
II-MASLAHAT 351
A- Description and Conditions of the Concept of Interest 351
B- Types of Charge: 352
I- The General Bases of the Purposes of the Shariah horse 356
E-. Whether Maslahat and Wisdoms Are Accrued 356
E- Disqualification of Charges and Misconduct in a Judgment 358
r- The Termination Of The Charge And The Termination Of The Judgment 359
SIXTH SECTION
İCTİHÂD, TahrÎC, TAKLÎD, TELFÎK, İFTÂ, GOOSE
- İCTİHÂD 365
A- Recipe 365
B- Conditions for the Validity of Jurisprudence 366
C- Judgment of the Jurisprudence 366
D- Ijtihâd License (Conditions of Mujtahid) 366
E- Whether or not ijtihad can be divided 370
F- Location of Jurisprudence: (Field of Judgment) 370
G- Ijtihâdü'r-Re and Types of Ijtihad 371
H- The Need for Jurisprudence 372
İ- İctihâd Usûlü 373
J- Tabakâtu'l-Fukahâ (Degrees of Mujtahids According to Their Scientific Powers) 376
1-Taksim of Hanafis 376
2-The share of Shafiis 378
II-TAHRÎC 380
A- Meaning and Nature of Tahrîc 380
B- Tahrîc Method 380
C- Tahrîc License 381
III-TAKLÎD 382
A- The Concepts of Taklîd and Ittibâ '382
B- Judgment of Imitation 382
C- Imitating Sects 385
D- The Proclamation of the Nassm with the Decree of Sect 386
IV-TELFÎK 387
A- The Meaning of Telfîk 387
B- Types and Decree of Telfîk 387
V-İFTÂ 389
A- Description of the Fatwa 389
B- Power of Fatwa 389
C- Procedure for Giving Fatwa (Generally) 390
D- In the Maliki Sect 391
E- Method of Iffa in Hanbali Sect 392
F- Iftâ Uslü in Shafii Sect 392
G- In the Hanafi Sect 393
VI-KAZÂ 397
A- Meaning of the accident 397
B- Elements of the Accident (Erkânu'l-Kazâ) 398
C- Judge and Judgment Power 399
D- Laws Applied in Court 399
E- Judgment Procedure 400
F- The Method of Judgment in the Ottoman Empire 401
G- Differences Between Accident and Loss 402
SECTION SEVEN
HISTORY OF CONFIDENCE
CHAPTER ONE
THE CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENCE
I-DESCRIPTION, SUBJECT, CLASSIFICATION and OBJECTIVES OF THE RULES 407
A- Recipe of Fiqh 407
B- The Subject of Fiqh and Şümûlü 407
C- Taksim and Classification of Legal Provisions 408
D- Purpose of Fiqh 409
II-THE SOURCES OF THE Jurisprudence and THE LEGAL SCIENCE SERVICES OF ISLAM 410
A- Features of Fiqh (Islamic Law) 410
B- Sources of Fiqh (Islamic Law) 410
C- Services of Islam to Jurisprudence 411
CHAPTER TWO
HISTORY OF CONFIDENCE AND TRANSFER
I-Hz. FIKIH 413 IN THE PROPHETER AGE
A- Generally 413
B- Mecca and Medina Era 415
C- Sources of Fiqh in This Period 416
D- Hz. Ijtihâd in the Age of the Prophet 416
E- Mümeyyiz Qualifications of Fiqh in This Period 417
F- Hz. Tedvin 418 in the Age of the Prophet
II-FIKIH 419 IN THE SAHABE PERIOD
A- In This Period, the Sources of Fiqh 419
B- The Nature of Re and Companions Who Most Applied to Re 420
C- Disputes and Their Reasons During the Companionship Period 421
D- Some İjtihâds 422
E- Fakih Companions 424
F- Tedvin in the Age of Companions 425
III-THE ERA OF MEDICINE 426
A- Sources of Fiqh in the Period of Subject 426
B- Legal Developments and Disputes in the Period of Subject 427
C- The Beginning of Tadawin's Movements in the Field of Fiqh 427
Schools of the Ahl-Ahl Rey and the Ehl-i Hadîs 428
Circumcision in E-Tabiun Era 430
F TScnlr- Fakihs Growing During Their Period 431
FIKIH 432 IN THE TIME OF IMAMS
The Reasons for the Development of Fiqh 432
The Emergence of the Apostles and the Birth of the Fiqh Terms 434
1 - FIKIH 435 IN THE ERA OF KUD
- Jurisprudence and Imitation 435 of the Eârian Period
In the E- _i-ud Era, Fiqh al-Tawîn 437
C- Whether the îcnhâd Door Is Closed 438
I- The Major Faqihs of the TaMid Period 439
FIKIH 441 IN THE V STOP PERIOD
A 3U Era Fiqh Properties and Pause 441
3-Fiqhî Tedvin 441
E- Major Faqihs Growing in the Stagnation Period 442
EH- FIKIH 445 IN THE PERIOD OF ENFORCEMENT
A Legal Characteristics and Codification Activities of This Period 445
B- Fiqh Scholars 446
CHAPTER EIGHT
FIKIH SECTIONS
CHAPTER ONE
THE CONCEPT OF FIKHÎ MEZHEB
I-MEZHEB'S DESCRIPTION, NATURE AND EXPIRATION 449
A- Description of the Denomination 449
B- Sect Imam 449
C- The Emergence of Fiqh Sects 450
II-EHL-İ RE Y and EHL-İ HADÎS 450
A- Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl-Re'y 450
B- The Concept of Re and the Faqihs who support the Re'y 451
III-SUNNI SAYHEP, LIVING-UNLIVING SAYS 454
A- Sunni - Non-Sunni Sects 454
B- Living Fiqh Sects 454
C- Fiqh Sects that do not live 454
IV- DISPUTE REASONS OF THE GRADUATES 457
V- MEZHEP'S SMOKING AND LEGAL PLACE AND IMPORTANCE IN LIFE 459
VI-SPREADS AND GEOGRAPHICAL EXPANSION OF THE MEZHEPS 460
CHAPTER TWO
FOUR SECTIONS
I- GENERAL INFORMATION
II-HANEFI SAGE 464
A- Abu Hanifa, Imam of the Hanafi Sect 464
B- Students of Abu Hanifa 467
1-Abu Yusuf (113-182 / 731-798) 467
2-Imam Muhammad (132-189 / 749-805) 468
3-Other Students of Abu Hanifa 469
C- Tawdiy of Hanafi Jurisprudence 470
D- Fiqh Books of the Hanafi Sect 473
1-Zâhiru’r-Narration Books 473
2-Nevâdir Books 474
3-Documentary Books 474
III-MÂLIKİ SAGE 476
A- Imam of the sect Malik b. Enes (93-179 / 712-795) 476
B- The Education of Maliki Sect 477
C- The Students of Imam Malik 477
D- Fiqh Books of the Maliki Sect 478
IV- SHAFII SAGE 479
A- Madhhab Imam Idris al-Shafii (150 - 204/767 - 819) 479
B- The Tawwah of Shafii Fiqh and the Students of Imam Shafii 480
C- Some Fiqh Books of Shafii Sect 481
V-HANBELÎ SAGE 482
A- Madhhab Imam Ahmad b. Hanbal (164-241 / 781-855) 482
B- The Tawwah of Hanbali Fiqh and the Students of Imam Ahmad 483
C- Fiqh Books of the Hanbali Sect 484
CHAPTER THREE
NON-LIVING AND NON-SUNNY SAYHEBS
I-SACRED PEOPLE NON-LIVING 485
A- Awwali Sect 485
B- Sect of Sèvria 485
C- Leys b. Sa'd Sect 485
D- Süfyân B. Member's Sect 485
E- Zâhirî Sect 486
F- Tabari Sect 486
II-NON-SUNNY SAYS 487
A- Hâriciye Sect 487
B- Sect of Shia 488
BIBLIOGRAPHY 491
MIXED INDEX 495
